The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for future large-scale energy storage owing to its numerous advantages, including flexible and scalable energy capacity, long cycle life (up to 25 years), high safety and environmental friendliness (no fire risk), and the possibility of low-cost recycling of active materials. However, VRFBs still suffer from intrinsic limitations associated with the vanadium electrolyte, such as low solubility and poor thermal stability. In addition, parasitic reactions, particularly hydrogen evolution, can significantly deteriorate the overall battery performance. As a result, despite its attractive features, the unit cost of VRFB systems remains relatively high. In this project, the prospective PhD candidate will investigate the challenges with vanadium redox flow batteries from an electrochemical reaction engineering perspective and also evaluate novel chemistries and cell design to enable newer systems.